Lecture §
PDF:
- Key factors
- | Affective | Communal |
|------------------|---------------------|
| Respect | Mutuality |
| Caring/affection | Responsiveness |
| Knowledge | Capitalization |
| Appreciation | Identity Validation |
| Trust | Social support |
- (Feeney & Collin, 2015) Model of Social Support
- Two conditions for friendship development
- Times of adversity
--> buffer against negative effects (Source of Strength and Support: SOS)
Ex. emotional comfort after break up, remind them about how strong they are, encourage for new dating opportunity, learn from the failure
- Time of opportunity
--> opportunities to explore (Relationship Catalyst: RC)
Ex. inform new opportunity, don’t be afraid (emotional support), find supportive program, help prepare interview
- (Hartup & Steven, 1997) Characterizing friendship
- Define
- Surface structure: social exchange
- Deep structure: social meaning and emotional support
- Development [4] aspect
- Biological: Puberty may change definition of friendship (deep), then change what you may do together (surface)
- Cognitive: perspective taking (deep), better relationship, less friction (surface)
- Social: social norm define societal value (deef) lead to friendship selection (surface)
- Interpersonal need: increase attachment need from peers (deep), active effort to avoid separation (surface)
- Phases in friendship
- Preschool (rudimentary, egocentric)
- Physical interaction focus on task & time (surface), Proximity activity focus on partner (deep)
- Elementary (fair-weather)
- Need for acceptance (deep), desire doing the same thing at the same time with peers (surface)
- Preadolescence (intimate-mutual sharing)
- Share interest (surface), leading to common mutuality (deep)
- Adolescence (autonomous)
- Perspective taking (deep), tolerant friend’s individuality (surface)
- Young Adulthood
- Increased desire for intimate relationship (deep), more interdependence on fewer friends, less time on work friends (surface)
- Middle adulthood & older adulthood
- Socioemotional selectivity theory
- Focus on satisfaction of emotional needs, quality over quantity (deep), more selective (surface)
- Friendship difficulties
- Shyness & Loneliness (self-fulfilling prophecy)
- Concern for evaluation
--> Low eye contact, low responsiveness --> negative impression --> More distant --> [back to phase 1]
- Tips: be aware of the issue, positive expectation, devalue social evaluation
Quiz §
- By nurturing desires to seize opportunities, providing perceptual help, helping prepare us for engagement and launching us, friendships can serve as which of the following?
- Friendships during preadolescence are characterized as:
Answer
- Rudimentary friendships
- Fair-weather friendships
- Intimate-mutual sharing
- Autonomous interdependence
- Chronically shy individuals often have negative views of other people [T/F]
- False (negative views about self)
- Compared to younger adults, older adults are more likely to focus on the quantity of their friendships rather than the quality. [T/F]
Active Studying §
Summarize today’s lecture §
- [::Most important/focused topic]
- [::Most difficult part, why, how to resolve]
What part I didn’t understand, next step actions? §
| Affective | Communal |
|---|
| Respect | Mutuality |
| Caring/affection | Responsiveness |
| Knowledge | Capitalization |
| Appreciation | Identity Validation |
| Trust | Social support |