PSY322: - L7

Lecture §

• PDF:
  • 322 - S7.pdf
• Group Norm Theory
• Prejudice acceptability
  • Some prejudice is acceptable
  • (Ofosu et all, 2019)
    • Same-sex marriage legalization was published in 2015.
    • For states that passed legalization locally
      • Implicit bias and explicit bias both showed decrease of bias after legalization
    • For states that did not pass legalization locally
      • They all showed gradual decrease for prejudice toward gay people before federal legalization
      • After legalization, they showed increase in prejudice toward gay people
      • Reason
        • Stronger in-group belonging within states
        • Brought attention to this matter
        • Change in law that is very salient to citizen caused reversal effect
  • When we see reductions in explicit prejudice, what does that mean?
    • As norms change, people start to internalize norms, leading to increase/decrease prejudice (to match norm)
• Aversive Racism ^9aa9da
  • Define this term

    • The racial attitudes of many Whites who endorse egalitarian values, who regard themselves as nonprejudiced, but who discriminated in subtle, rationalizable ways

    • Aversive racists recognize prejudice is bad, but they do not recognize that they are prejudiced
  • Aversive racist behaviours
    • DONT: discriminate when it would be obvious to oneself and others
    • DO: discriminate when bias is not obvious
  • How to assess subtle bias
    • IF prejudice = attitude: Implicit Association Test
      • Not a very useful measurement for personal bias measurement
  • Implicit bias training
    • Companies spend $8 billion USD on diversity training, often focusing on unconscious or implicit bias
    • How effect are interventions to change implicit bias?
      • Lipman (2018): https://time.com/5118035/diversity-training-infuriates-men-fails-women/
    • Meta-analysis: 492 studies (87,418 participants)
      • Implicit measures can be changed… but effects are often relatively weak
      • Most studies focused on producing short-term (within hours) changes with brief, single-session manipulations
      • Most successful:
        • Associate sets of concepts
        • Invoke goals or motivations
      • Least successful:
        • Induced threat, affirmation, or specific moods/emotions
      • We don’t really know how to change implicit bias beyond the short term
• Puzzles about implicit bias
• Bias of crowds
  • Measures of implicit bias are meaningful, valid, and reliable
  • BUT… contrary to most assumptions, they are meaningful, valid, and reliable measures of situations rather than persons

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