PSY260: - L8

Lecture §

• PDF:
• What is the Basic paradigms of Classical Conditioning?
  • What are the 4 basic concept of Classical Conditioning?

    • Transclude of block 368756

  • What is the difference between appetitive and aversive conditioning?
    • Appetitive conditioning: consists of learning to predict something that satisfies a desire or an appetite
      • Food and sex are among the most powerful of appetitive USs
    • Aversive conditioning: new CS -> CR reflex helps avoid noxious US
      • Conditioning in which the US is a disagreeable event
      • Many of the procedures used for the experimental study of conditioning are aversive conditioning

    • 	Unconditioned stimulus, US	Unconditioned response UR	Conditioned stimulus, CS	Conditioned response, CR
      		Appetitive conditioning
      Pavlov’s dog	Food	Salivation	Bell	Salivation
      Quail sex	Sexually available female	Approach, mounting, and copulation	Light	Approach
      		Aversive conditioning
      Conditioned emotional response (Fear conditioning)	Shock	Freezing Jumping and running around for a few seconds	Tone	Freezing
      Eyeblink conditioning	Airpuff	Blink	Tone	Blink

  • Eyeblink Condiitoning ^47d0bb
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    • A form of aversive conditioning: CS -> CR prepares to avoid US
    • Puff of air to eye (US) innately produces eyeblink (UR)
    • CS: a tone or light, comes to produce a gradual eye closure (CR)
      • Initially the CS (tone) causes no response
      • The effectiveness of the CS builds gradually over many pairings with the US
      • The CR is not exactly the same as the UR: it takes place before the US and can even be different in speed, form, etc
    • Works on rabbits and humans, but takes many trials
  • What is a Conditioned Compensatory Responses
    • Conditioned Compensatory Response: a CR that is the opposite of the UR, helping to balance/correct for the US-UR reflex
    • Tolerance: A decrease in reaction to a drug such that larger doses are required to achieve the same effect
    1. Inject adrenaline (US) -> heart rate increase (UR)
    2. Repeat procedure in same testing chamber (CS)
    3. Eventually, CS comes to produce a decrease in heart rate (CR) that helps maintain homeostasis (balance) against expected adrenaline injection
  • What is Extinction and how it works
    • Extinction: the process of reducing a learned response to a stimulus by ceasing to pair that stimulus with another, previously associated stimulus
    • Extinction probably doesn’t erase the CS-US connection, just inhibits it
    1. Present the CS alone repeatedly
    2. Initially, CS evokes strong CRs
    3. With repetition, however, CS becomes less effective, similar to beginning of training
• What are the 4 rules of interest in Classical Conditioning?
  • Rules of Interest

Questions §